Exceptions in asynchronous code in JavaScript

An exception thrown inside asynchronous code cannot be caught via try-catch:

try {
	setTimeout(function() {
		throw(new Error); // an exception will not be caught
	}, 3000);
} catch(error) {
	console.log(error);
}

Tell me what is the problem of the following code:

try {
	elem.addEventListener('click', function() {
		JSON.parse('some string');
	});
} catch() {
	console.log('invalid json');
}